Tomato Trees: Fact vs. Fiction and Growing Guide

Tomatoes don't grow on trees—they're herbaceous vines that require support. What people call “tomato trees” are actually tamarillos (Solanum betaceum), a related but distinct fruit-bearing plant native to South America. This guide clarifies the confusion and provides science-backed growing techniques for both plants.

Why the Confusion About Tomato Trees Exists

Many gardeners mistakenly believe tomatoes grow on trees due to their woody-looking stems and the way mature plants can reach 6-10 feet tall with proper support. However, botanically speaking, tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) are perennial vines classified as herbaceous plants, not trees. Unlike trees with permanent woody structures, tomato plants die back after fruiting and lack true secondary growth.

The term “tomato tree” most commonly refers to the tamarillo (Solanum betaceum), formerly known as “tree tomato.” This South American native produces egg-shaped fruits resembling tomatoes but grows on actual woody perennial trees reaching 10-18 feet in height. Understanding this distinction prevents gardening mistakes and sets realistic expectations for cultivation.

Tomato vs. Tamarillo: Key Differences at a Glance

Characteristic	Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)	Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum)
Plant Type	Herbaceous vine (annual in most climates)	Woody perennial tree
Height	3-10 feet (with support)	10-18 feet
Hardiness	USDA Zones 2-11 (grown as annual)	USDA Zones 9-11 (frost-tender)
Fruit Flavor	Sweet to tangy, variable	Tart, citrus-like, often requires sugar
Growth Cycle	Complete in one season	Produces for 6-12 years

Creating the “Tomato Tree” Effect in Your Garden

While true tomatoes won't become trees, you can train them to grow in a tree-like structure using these professional techniques:

Single-Stem Espalier Method

Choose indeterminate varieties like 'Sungold' or 'Brandywine.' Remove all side shoots except the main stem, then train vertically using a 7-8 foot stake. Pinch the top when it reaches desired height to encourage lateral growth that forms a canopy. This method mimics a small tree and maximizes fruit production in limited spaces.

Container “Tomato Tree” System

For patios or small spaces, use a 15-20 gallon container with a tomato tower support. Plant one vigorous variety in the center and remove all suckers to create a single trunk. As it grows, gently weave the stem around the tower. University of Florida horticulture studies show this method increases air circulation, reducing disease risk by 35% compared to traditional cages (UF/IFAS Extension).

Tamarillo Cultivation Guide

If you're seeking actual tomato-like fruits on trees, tamarillos offer an exciting alternative. Native to the Andes, these plants thrive in subtropical climates with these requirements:

Growing Timeline and Requirements

Tamarillos follow this predictable growth pattern when planted from seed:

• Months 1-3: Seedling stage - requires warm temperatures (70-85°F) and consistent moisture
• Months 4-6: Rapid vegetative growth - needs nitrogen-rich fertilizer and protection from wind
• Months 7-9: First flowering - requires phosphorus boost and consistent watering
• Months 10-12: Initial fruit production - fruits mature 5-7 months after flowering
• Year 2 onward: Full production - established trees yield 20-50 pounds of fruit annually

According to research from the University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources, tamarillos grow best in well-drained soil with pH 5.7-6.5 and require protection from temperatures below 28°F (UC ANR Publication 8513).

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Gardeners often make these critical errors when attempting to grow “tomato trees”:

• Over-pruning tomatoes: Removing too many leaves reduces photosynthesis and sun-scalds fruit. Always maintain at least 50% foliage coverage.
• Planting tamarillos too deep: Unlike tomatoes, tamarillos should be planted at the same depth as their nursery container to prevent root rot.
• Misidentifying varieties: Some nurseries sell grafted tomato plants labeled as “tomato trees” - these are regular tomatoes on vigorous rootstock, not actual trees.
• Ignoring climate requirements: Tamarillos won't survive freezing temperatures, while tomatoes need at least 6-8 hours of direct sun daily.

Harvesting and Usage Tips

Tomatoes should be harvested when fully colored but still firm, with that characteristic sweet-tomato aroma. For tamarillos, wait until the skin turns deep orange or red and feels slightly soft. The California Rare Fruit Growers Association notes that tamarillos contain high levels of pectin, making them excellent for jams, but their tart flavor usually requires sweetening (CRFG Publication).

Both fruits benefit from vine-ripening for maximum flavor development, though tomatoes can be harvested at the “breaker stage” (first color showing) and ripened indoors without significant flavor loss.

Final Recommendations

For most home gardeners in temperate climates, focusing on proper tomato support systems delivers better results than seeking mythical tomato trees. If you have suitable climate conditions (USDA Zones 9-11), tamarillos offer an interesting alternative with unique culinary applications. Remember that proper support, pruning, and climate matching are more important than the name you give your plants.

Do tomatoes actually grow on trees?

No, tomatoes are herbaceous vines that require support structures. What people call 'tomato trees' are usually tamarillos (Solanum betaceum), a different plant that grows on actual woody trees.

Can I grow a tomato plant to look like a tree?

Yes, using single-stem espalier or container tower methods, you can train indeterminate tomato varieties to grow in a tree-like form with a central trunk and canopy. This requires regular pruning and strong vertical support.

What's the difference between tamarillos and tomatoes?

Tamarillos grow on woody perennial trees up to 18 feet tall and produce oval, tart fruits with edible skin. Tomatoes are annual vines with rounder, sweeter fruits and require replanting each year in most climates.

Which tomato varieties work best for tree-like growing?

Indeterminate varieties like 'Sungold,' 'Brandywine,' and 'Cherokee Purple' work best for tree-like structures. These vigorous growers respond well to single-stem training and produce fruit along the entire length of the vine.