Licorice Root: Benefits, Uses, and Safety Considerations

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is a perennial herb whose root has been used for centuries in traditional medicine systems worldwide. The root contains glycyrrhizin, a compound 50 times sweeter than sugar, which gives licorice its characteristic flavor and many of its therapeutic properties. When used appropriately, licorice root offers potential benefits for digestive health, respiratory conditions, and inflammation, but it can cause serious side effects like hypertension and electrolyte imbalances with prolonged or excessive use.

For thousands of years, licorice root has been a cornerstone of traditional medicine across diverse cultures. Ancient Egyptians used it in remedies for respiratory ailments, while Traditional Chinese Medicine practitioners incorporated it into formulas to harmonize other herbs and strengthen herbal preparations. Modern research continues to validate many of these traditional uses while uncovering new potential applications for this versatile botanical.

Understanding Licorice: Botanical and Chemical Profile

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) belongs to the Fabaceae family and grows naturally in parts of Europe and Asia. The medicinal component comes specifically from the plant's root system, which contains over 300 identified compounds. The most significant active constituent is glycyrrhizin (or glycyrrhizic acid), which breaks down in the body to glycyrrhetinic acid. This compound is responsible for both the sweet taste and many of licorice's biological effects.

Other important compounds in licorice root include flavonoids, chalcones, and polysaccharides, each contributing to its therapeutic profile. The concentration of glycyrrhizin varies between 2-24% depending on growing conditions and plant variety, which directly impacts both efficacy and safety considerations.

Evidence-Based Health Benefits of Licorice Root

Scientific research supports several potential health applications for licorice, though evidence quality varies across different uses:

Health Application	Scientific Evidence Level	Key Research Findings
Digestive Health	Strong	Multiple studies show licorice, particularly DGL (deglycyrrhizinated licorice), effectively treats peptic ulcers and soothes gastritis by enhancing mucosal defense mechanisms
Respiratory Support	Moderate	Clinical trials indicate licorice's expectorant and anti-inflammatory properties help reduce cough frequency and severity in upper respiratory infections
Adrenal Support	Preliminary	Licorice may support cortisol metabolism, potentially benefiting those with mild adrenal insufficiency, though more research is needed
Skin Conditions	Moderate	Topical licorice preparations show promise for eczema, psoriasis, and reducing skin inflammation due to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties

Different Forms of Licorice and Their Uses

Not all licorice preparations are created equal. Understanding the differences is crucial for safe and effective use:

• Standard Licorice Root: Contains full glycyrrhizin content. Best for short-term respiratory support but carries higher risk of side effects with prolonged use.
• Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice (DGL): Has glycyrrhizin removed, making it safer for digestive issues requiring longer-term use. Research shows DGL maintains many therapeutic benefits while significantly reducing side effect risks.
• Licorice Extracts: Standardized preparations that specify glycyrrhizin content. Important for consistent dosing in clinical applications.
• Topical Preparations: Creams and ointments containing licorice for skin conditions, generally considered safe with minimal systemic absorption.

Safety Profile and Important Considerations

Licorice's safety profile depends heavily on dosage, duration of use, and individual health status. The European Medicines Agency recommends limiting intake to no more than 100 mg of glycyrrhizin daily for healthy adults. Exceeding this threshold or using licorice continuously for more than 4-6 weeks significantly increases risk of adverse effects.

Common side effects of excessive licorice consumption include:

• Increased blood pressure
• Low potassium levels (hypokalemia)
• Fluid retention and edema
• Headaches and fatigue

Individuals with hypertension, kidney disease, heart conditions, or those taking medications like diuretics, blood pressure medications, or corticosteroids should avoid licorice or use it only under medical supervision. Pregnant women should avoid licorice due to potential effects on fetal development.

Practical Usage Guidelines

For those considering licorice as part of their wellness routine, these evidence-based recommendations can help maximize benefits while minimizing risks:

• Digestive Support: Use DGL chewable tablets (380-760 mg) 20 minutes before meals and at bedtime for ulcer management.
• Respiratory Relief: Short-term use of standard licorice tea (1-2 cups daily) or tincture (2-4 mL three times daily) during acute respiratory infections.
• Skin Applications: Topical creams containing 0.5-2% licorice extract applied twice daily for inflammatory skin conditions.
• Cycling Approach: When using standard licorice, limit continuous use to 2-4 weeks followed by an equal break period to prevent accumulation of glycyrrhizin.

Quality Considerations for Licorice Products

Not all licorice supplements deliver what they promise. Research shows significant variability in actual glycyrrhizin content compared to label claims. When selecting products:

• Choose brands that provide third-party testing verification
• Look for standardized extracts specifying glycyrrhizin content
• Prefer products from manufacturers following Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP)
• Be wary of extremely low-priced options, which often indicate poor quality or adulteration

Integrating Licorice into a Holistic Approach

Licorice works best as part of a comprehensive wellness strategy rather than as a standalone solution. For digestive health, combine DGL licorice with dietary modifications and stress management techniques. For respiratory support, use licorice alongside adequate hydration and rest. Always consider licorice as one component of a broader approach to health rather than a magic cure.

Conclusion: Balancing Benefits and Risks

Licorice root represents one of the most well-researched and historically significant medicinal herbs. Its dual nature—offering substantial therapeutic potential while carrying meaningful risks—highlights the importance of informed, responsible use. By understanding the different forms available, respecting dosage limitations, and recognizing personal health factors that affect safety, individuals can harness licorice's benefits while minimizing potential harm. As with any herbal remedy, consultation with a qualified healthcare provider familiar with botanical medicine remains essential for safe integration into personal health regimens.

What's the difference between regular licorice and DGL licorice?

DGL (deglycyrrhizinated licorice) has had the glycyrrhizin compound removed, which eliminates the risk of hypertension and electrolyte imbalances associated with regular licorice. DGL maintains many therapeutic benefits for digestive health while being safer for longer-term use. Regular licorice contains glycyrrhizin, which provides both therapeutic effects and potential side effects.

How long can I safely take licorice root?

For standard licorice containing glycyrrhizin, most experts recommend no longer than 4-6 weeks of continuous use. DGL licorice, which has had the glycyrrhizin removed, can generally be used for longer periods under professional guidance. Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any herbal regimen, especially if you have pre-existing health conditions or take medications.

Can licorice interact with my medications?

Yes, licorice can interact with several medications. It may reduce the effectiveness of blood pressure medications, increase the effects of blood thinners, and interact with diuretics by worsening potassium loss. Licorice can also affect how the body processes certain medications metabolized by the liver. Always consult your healthcare provider before combining licorice with prescription medications.

Is licorice safe for people with high blood pressure?

Standard licorice containing glycyrrhizin is generally not recommended for people with high blood pressure, as it can further elevate blood pressure and cause dangerous electrolyte imbalances. DGL licorice, which has had the glycyrrhizin removed, may be safer but should still be used under medical supervision. Individuals with hypertension should consult their healthcare provider before using any licorice product.

What are the signs I'm taking too much licorice?

Signs of excessive licorice consumption include persistent headaches, swelling in the hands or feet (edema), muscle weakness, fatigue, and irregular heartbeat. More serious effects include significantly elevated blood pressure and low potassium levels, which require immediate medical attention. If you experience these symptoms while using licorice, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.